Steel Reinforcement Bar

Steel reinforcement bar (commonly known as rebar or deformed steel bar) is a long, ribbed carbon structural steel bar, primarily used to enhance the tensile strength of concrete structures. Its grade is defined by its yield strength (e.g., HRB400), featuring high strength, excellent bonding performance with concrete, and superior seismic resistance.

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Astm A706 32mm Deformed Steel Rebar

Steel Reinforcement Bars Specification

What Is Rebar?

Rebar, short for reinforcing bar, is a hot-rolled steel bar, typically with a circular cross-section, designed to reinforce concrete structures. Most standard rebar is produced by hot rolling, followed by natural cooling, while high-strength and seismic-resistant grades may use controlled cooling processes.

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Carbon steel is the most common material for rebar, with options for hot-dip galvanized coating to enhance corrosion resistance. Stainless steel rebar is also available for highly corrosive environments (e.g., marine construction).

Deformed (ribbed) rebar is the most widely used type, featuring ribs, lugs, or deformations on its surface to create a strong mechanical bond with concrete. Rebar is supplied in two primary forms: straight bars for standard construction, and coil rebar (coiled steel) for large-scale, automated reinforcement applications.

Features of Reinforcing Steel Bar

• High Strength: HRB500 rebar delivers a tensile strength of 630MPa, far exceeding the tensile capacity of concrete, providing reliable structural reinforcement.
• Excellent Ductility: HRB400 rebar features an elongation rate of ≥16%, enabling it to absorb seismic energy and resist fracture during earthquakes, ensuring structural safety.

Deformed Steel Rebar in Bundles

stainless steel rebar

• Superior Hot-Rolled Process: The hot-rolling process refines the steel grain structure (grain size ≥8), enhancing both strength and toughness for consistent performance.
• Enhanced Adhesion: The crescent rib design significantly improves mechanical bond strength with concrete, far outperforming plain round bars.
• Optimized Alloy Composition: Strictly controlled chemical composition: Carbon (C) 0.17-0.25%, Manganese (Mn) 0.60-1.20%, ensuring excellent weldability and formability.
• Outstanding Durability: Boasts high toughness and fire resistance; corrosion resistance can be further enhanced via galvanized or epoxy coating.
• Versatile Specifications: Available in a full range of sizes, surface treatments, and strength grades to meet diverse project requirements.
• International Standards Compliance: Fully compliant with major global standards, including ASTM A615 (US), BS 4449 (UK), EN 10080 (EU), and GB 1499.2 (China). This ensures consistent quality and performance for worldwide projects.

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Uses of Steel Reinforcement Bar

Reinforcing steel bar is a kind of building material that can increase the strength of the structure. Generally, these bars are welded or tied together during use. You can find rebars in all kinds of construction structures, such as bridges, highways, culverts, tunnels, beams, columns, walls, etc.

Uses of Different Diameters

• 8 mm / 10 mm: Suitable for light-duty applications such as sidewalks, residential driveways, and small concrete slabs. They provide basic shape retention and distribute loads effectively.
• 15 mm: Ideal for medium-duty structural elements, including residential floor slabs, minor columns, and retaining walls.
• 20 mm: Widely used for foundations, heavy-duty retaining walls, and as main reinforcement in highway beams.
• 25 mm: Core size for medium-rise construction. Commonly used in major columns, beams, and heavy-load retaining walls.
• 30 mm+: High-durability options for heavy industrial structures, such as warehouses, high-rise building columns, and bridge abutments.
• 35 mm – 45 mm: Designed for large-scale and high-rise civil engineering projects, including skyscrapers, major bridges, and critical load-bearing infrastructure.

Bridge

Foundation

Tunnel wall and pavement reinforcement

Types of Steel Reinforcement Bars

1. Classification by Production Process

• Hot‑rolled ribbed rebar (HRB series): Produced by high‑temperature rolling, featuring moderate strength and wide applicability.
• Cold‑rolled rebar (CRB series): Manufactured through cold work hardening, with higher strength but lower ductility, mainly used for small‑scale components.
• Heat‑treated rebar (HTB series): Processed via quenching and tempering to achieve exceptional strength, commonly used in prestressed concrete projects.

Plain Round Bar

Surface characters of ribbed steel bars

2. Classification by Surface

• Plain round rebar (PB series): Smooth surface with relatively low bonding strength, suitable for specific light‑duty applications.
• Ribbed / Deformed rebar: Features continuous ribs or lugs on the surface to enhance mechanical bond with concrete, enabling it to withstand higher loads.

3. Classification by Diameter

• Small‑diameter rebar: Typically 6–10 mm, used for mesh reinforcement and light structures.
• Standard rebar: 10–25 mm, the most common size for general construction.
• Large‑diameter rebar: Above 25 mm, applied to major load‑bearing components of high‑rise buildings, bridges, and other key projects.

4. Classification by Material

• Carbon steel rebar (black steel): The most widely used material due to its balanced toughness and strength. While resistant to external forces, it is prone to corrosion in high‑humidity environments. Galvanized options are available to improve corrosion resistance.
• Stainless steel rebar: Offers the highest corrosion resistance and durability, though at a higher cost. It maintains stable strength, toughness, and ductility in extreme temperatures or corrosive environments such as marine structures or areas with frequent deicing salt use.

A500 Steel Reinforcing Bars Deformed Steel

12mm 16mm 36mm Corrugated Steel Rebars

5. Classification by Coating

• Hot‑dip galvanized rebar: Coated with a zinc layer through a continuous hot‑dip process. It effectively prevents corrosion in concrete and offers strong bonding performance. It is more cost‑effective than stainless steel rebar.
• Epoxy‑coated rebar: Features an epoxy resin layer (0.15–0.30 mm thick) applied via electrostatic spraying. It provides excellent corrosion resistance in humid or aggressive environments but requires careful handling during installation to maintain proper bond strength.

Common Series

1. HPB Series (Hot-Rolled Plain Bar)

• HPB300: Yield strength 300 MPa, smooth surface (no ribs), lower bond strength with concrete.

2. HRB Series (Hot-Rolled Ribbed Bar)

• HRB335: Yield strength 335 MPa, legacy grade, gradually phased out, used in low-rise buildings.
• HRB400: The most commonly used grade today, yield strength 400 MPa, suitable for high-rise buildings, bridges, and a wide range of applications.
• HRB500: Yield strength 500 MPa, high strength, enables steel savings by using smaller diameters, ideal for large-span structures and heavy-load projects.
• HRB600: Yield strength 600 MPa, ultra-high strength, for special engineering projects.

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Steel Rebars for Bridges, Roads & Commercial Buildings

3. Earthquake-resistant steel bars

• HRB400E/500E/600E: Earthquake-resistant steel bars are used in high-intensity earthquake zones.

Seismic steel bars, based on ordinary HRB steel bars, improve ductility and seismic resistance, suitable for buildings in high-intensity earthquake zones such as schools and hospitals.

4. British Standard Steel Bar

• BS4449 460B/500B: British Standard steel reinforcement, performance equivalent to HRB400/HRB500.

  BS4449 is the British Standard for steel reinforcement for concrete. 460B/500B indicates a yield strength of 460 MPa/500 MPa. The “B” designation denotes weldable rebar, distinct from Grade “A” non-weldable rebar.

5. Other Common International Grades

• Grade 60 (ASTM A615, US standard): Yield strength 420 MPa (60 ksi), performance equivalent to Chinese HRB400.
• SD390 (JIS G3112, Japanese standard): Yield strength 390 MPa, performance equivalent to Chinese HRB400.
• B500B (EN 10080, European standard): Yield strength 500 MPa, performance equivalent to Chinese HRB500.

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Rebar Sizes and Grades

1. Sizes: Rebar comes in a variety of diameters, typically from #3 (3/8 inch, 9.5mm) to #18 (2.25 inches). Sizes are indicated by a number corresponding to one-eighth of an inch of its diameter.
2. Grades: Rebar is graded based on its yield strength in psi or MPa. Common grades include:

• Grade 40: has a yield strength of 40,000 psi.
• Grade 60: has a yield strength of 60,000 psi (most commonly used).
• Grade 75: has a yield strength of 75,000 psi.
• Grade 80: has a yield strength of 80,000 psi.

This article comprehensively talks about Steel Rebar Sizes, Grades & Codes.

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How To Identify Steel Bars?

• Manufacturer Plant: Identifies the producing mill.
• Rebar Size: Indicates the nominal diameter.
• Grade: Specifies the yield strength (e.g., 60 for Grade 60, 420 MPa).
• Type: Identifies material and weldability (e.g., “S” for standard carbon steel per ASTM A615, “W” for weldable carbon steel, “A” for low-alloy weldable steel per ASTM A706).
• Grade Class (e.g., B500C): The “C” denotes ductility/performance class for seismic applications, not cold finishing.

The Meaning of Each Character in HRB500E/HRB400

• H: Hot Rolled, indicating the hot rolling production process, where the steel bar is formed by high-temperature rolling.
• R: Ribbed, meaning regular ribs on the surface of the steel bar to enhance bond strength with concrete.
• B: Bar, the standard abbreviation for steel reinforcement bar.
• 500/400: Nominal yield strength of 500 MPa / 400 MPa, classified as high-strength rebar per Chinese national standards.
• E: Seismic-grade rebar (no “E” = standard rebar). Seismic rebar must meet strict performance requirements: yield-to-tensile strength ratio ≤ 1.25, total elongation at maximum force ≥ 9%.

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Concrete Reinforcing Bar

Weight calculation formula of rebar

Weight (kg)= Diameter (mm) × Diameter (mm) ×0.00617 × Steel bar length (m).

For example, if the ribbed steel reinforcing bar is 16 mm in diameter and 9 m in length, then the weight is about 14.22 kg (16*16*0.00617*9). If you order 3,000 pieces, the total weight is about 43 tons. Through the formula here, you can roughly know the weight.

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Why Use Steel Rebars in Construction?

Concrete offers exceptional compressive strength but very low tensile strength. Steel rebar, with its superior tensile strength, is the ideal material to reinforce concrete structures, preventing cracking and structural failure. It is a critical component in all concrete applications, including slabs, walls, columns, beams, and foundations.

Why Galvanized?

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Steel Rebar Production Process

• Raw Material Inspection: High-quality carbon steel billets (Q195/Q235/HRB series) undergo rigorous chemical composition and mechanical property testing to ensure material quality.
• Hot Rolling: Steel billets are heated at high temperatures and rolled into precision ribbed steel bars or plain round shapes of specified diameters.
• Cooling and Shaping: Shaping is achieved through air cooling or water cooling processes to ensure stable metallographic structure and dimensional accuracy.
• Surface Treatment: Hot-dip galvanizing or epoxy coating is optional to enhance corrosion resistance and suitability for harsh environments.
• Quality Assurance: 100% inspection of tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, dimensional deviations, and surface quality is conducted.
• Finished Product Packaging: Finished products are bundled, labeled with specifications, stored properly, and ready for shipment to the construction site.

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Chinese steel reinforcement manufacturer

Concrete Rebar Manufacturer -Wanzhi Steel

Build stronger and safer with premium steel reinforcement bars. Whether for seismic applications or standard construction, our products deliver consistent quality and reliability. Wanzhi Steel stocks major grades like HRB400, HRB500, and ASTM A615. Get a competitive project quote within 24 hours. Submit your inquiry now and strengthen your supply chain.

Why Choose Us?

✅ Advanced Equipment: Fully automatic production line to ensure high precision and consistency.
✅ Strict Quality Control: ISO 9001 certified and strict testing standards.
✅ Rich Material Selection: Carbon steel, galvanized steel, stainless steel, and other materials are available.
✅ Customized Service: Special size, length, surface treatment service, and welding are supported.
✅ Fast Delivery: With a large inventory and 1000 square meters of factory, bulk orders can be met.

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Wanzhi Steel is an ISO 9001-certified steel factory located in Hebei, China. It has been specializing in the production of galvanized concrete mesh, steel wire rod,  construction tying wire, low carbon iron wire, Steel Reinforcement Mesh, and annealed wire for 14 years, with a monthly output of 1,800 tons. With high-quality products and good services, our products have been exported to more than 120 countries around the world.

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